中文摘要：

目的 了解安徽医科大学第一附属医院2015年临床分离菌的分布和耐药情况。方法 采用纸片扩散法和自动化仪器进行抗菌药物敏感性试验。结果 2015年该院临床分离菌共5 524株,其中革兰阴性细菌3 882株,革兰阳性细菌1 642株,分别占临床分离菌70.3%和29.7%。葡萄球菌属中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）的检出率分别为57.6%和83.0%。葡萄球菌属中未发现对万古霉素和利奈唑胺不敏感株。肠球菌属中粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的检出率分别为46.1%和46.8%,并两者均发现万古霉素和利奈唑胺不敏感株。大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属和奇异变形杆菌产超广谱β内酰胺酶（ESBL）菌株的检出率分别为62.0%,32.2%和18.8%。肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类保持较高的敏感性,对厄他培南、亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率均低于22%。结论 该院的细菌耐药性仍对临床的抗菌治疗构成严重威胁,应加强耐药性监测并合理规范抗生素的使用。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the distribution and the antibiotic resistance profile of clinical isolates in the First Affiliate Hospital of Anhui Medical University during 2015. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems. Results A total of 5 524 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected during 2015, including gram-negative bacteria （3 882, 70.3 %）, gram-positive bacteria （1 642, 29.7%）. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant isolates in Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus （MRCNS） was 57.6 % and 83.0 %, respectively. All staphylococcal isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. E. faecalis and E. faecium accounted for 46.1% and 46.8 % of enterococcal isolates. Some E. faecalis and E. faecium strains were nonsusceptible to vancomycin or linezolid. The prevalence of extended-spectrum lactamases （ESBLs） positive strains was 62.0 % in E. coli, 32.2 % in Klebsiella and 18.8 % in Proteus mirabilis. Enterobacteriaceae strains were still highly susceptible to carbapenem antibiotics, evidenced by lower resistance rate of Enterobacteriaceae strains to ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem （all〈22 %）. Conclusions It seems that antibiotic resistance still poses a serious threat to clinical antimicrobial therapy. More attention should be paid to resistance surveillance and rational use of antibiotics.