中文摘要：

农地流转按照组织主体的差异可以划分为村集体组织和农户自发流转两种模式,比较分析两种流转模式对农户农业生产效率的影响差异,对于指导中国农地流转模式选择具有重要意义。本文基于江苏省四个县的农户调研数据,实证考察了村集体组织和农户自发两种类型农地流转对农户土地、劳动力和全要素生产效率的影响差异。研究表明,相对于自发流转的农户和未流转农户,村集体组织农地流转显著提高了农户土地、劳动力、全要素等农业生产效率;村集体组织农地流转在农地经营规模、合约稳定性和种植业结构调整等方面表现出明显的优势,更有利于提高农户农业生产效率。计量研究发现,村集体组织下农户种植高效经济作物和农业生产人力资本投资的比例明显较高,成为提高转入户农业生产效率的主要作用机制。然而,本文并未证实农地自发流转对农户农业生产效率的显著影响,可能原因是自发流转的小规模和较短的流转期限不利于农户规模经营和长期生产投资,因而降低了农业生产绩效。政策启示是,要有效地发挥村集体对农户土地流转和规模经营的引导作用,通过优化转入户土地流转规模、农业生产投资和种植业结构以最大化农户农业生产效率。

英文摘要：

Land transfer can be classified into farmland transfer organized by village collectives and farmland transfer organized by farmer themselves according to the organization form. It has significant policy implications to understand the effect of different types of land transfer on household agricultural productivity. Here we look at the impact of household land, labor single- factor productivity and total factor productivity for farmland transfer organized by village collectives and farmland transfer organized by farmers based on household survey data from four counties in Jiangsu. We found that compared with farmland transfer organized by farmers, farmland transfer organized by village collectives significantly improved agricultural productivity for those renting in land, including land and labor single-factor productivity as well as total factor productivity. Farmland transfer organized by village collectives has apparent advantages in realizing farmers land scale management, land transfer contract stability and farmland cropping structure, beneficial for household agricultural productivity. We found that the main mechanism that village collective land transfer improved household agricultural productivity was via improved higher value cash crop planting percentages and agricultural human capital investment for farmers renting land. We did not find a significant impact of farmland transfer organized by farmers on household agricultural productivity. Reasons may include that farmland transfer organized by farmer themselves is of a small scale and short transfer term, which cannot make farmers realize land scale management and stimulus farmers＇ long-term agricultural investment, negatively affecting farmers＇ agricultural production performance. The coordinating role of village collectives should continue in land transfer and scale management. Rational land transfer scale and land management should be guided by local governments to realize scale economic effects, promote agricultural investment, improve cropping