中文摘要：

材料受到强冲击会产生闪光和等离子体效应。通过超高速碰撞实验并结合多种先进测试手段,推导出了适用于计算超高速碰撞产生等离子体电离度的沙哈（Saha）公式,为超高速碰撞过程中弹丸和靶板的物质组成分析提供了强有力的工具。基于二级轻气炮加载系统结合等离子体特征参量诊断的Triple Langmuir probe诊断系统和光谱辐射测量的ESA4000光谱仪系统,进行了3种不同碰撞速度条件下的超高速碰撞实验。实验结果表明,超高速碰撞2A12铝靶产生闪光辐射中包含Al＋的光谱辐射;通过实验数据的解析进一步揭示了光谱强度与弹丸速度的关系。随着弹丸速度的增加,Al＋的辐射光谱强度增大,由2A12铝激发的Al＋光谱中小波长所对应谱线的辐射光谱强度比长波长所对应谱线的辐射光谱强度增加更快。关于2A12铝靶在超高速撞击载荷下产生铝离子的光谱辐射特征以及辐射温度研究在航天器防护空间碎片、导弹拦截、天体物理及深空探测领域具有重要的应用价值,此外,等离子体的特征参量测量和光谱辐射特征研究,对于在微观层面深刻揭示超高速碰撞现象具有重要的理论意义。

英文摘要：

The light flash and plasma effects are produced when the material is subjected to strong shock.Saha formula suiting for caculating ionization degree of plasma generated by hypervelocity impact was derived through hypervelocity impact experiments with multiple kinds of advanced measuring methods and theoretical derivations in the paper.All these have provided powerful tools for determining matter composition of projectile and the target during hypervelocity impact.The two-stage light gas gun loading system combined with triple Langmuir probe diagnostic system and spectral radiant measurement system of ESA4000 spectrometer were used to perform three experiments under the different impact velocity conditions.The experimental results showed that the ultra-high speed impacting on 2A12 aluminum target produced flash radiation which contained Al＋ spectrum radiation.The relationship between the collision speed and the radiant intensity was further revealed through the analysis of the experimental data.With the increasing of the impact velocity,the spectral radiation intensity enhanced in Al＋,and the smaller wavelength spectral line intensity increased rapidly,the longer wavelength spectral line intensity increased slowly in Al＋ spectral.Research on aluminum ion radiant temperature and spectral radiant characteristics has important application value during hypervelocity impact on 2A12 aluminum target in the fields of spacecraft space debris shield,missile interception,astrophysics and deep space detection.In addition,characteristic parameter measurement and spectral radiant characteristics of plasma has important theoretical significance in revealing the hypervelocity impact phenomena.at the micro level.