中文摘要：

研究云母和长石等原生硅酸盐矿物的风化速率和风化产物对于深入理解土壤发生过程、营养元素循环以及全球气候变化具有重要的理论意义。本文从自然风化、人工化学风化和生物风化3方面总结了原生硅酸盐矿物风化作用及其产物的特点，重点阐述了微生物参与下的生物风化作用和生物矿化作用及其意义。野外观察和室内实验研究结果表明，微生物可以加速矿物的分解，而且其细胞表面及其产生的胞外多聚糖可以作为次生矿物成核的模板。

英文摘要：

Researches on the weathering rate and products of primary silicate minerals are of great importance in the explanation of soil-forming process, cycling process of nutrient elements and global climate change. This paper has summed up the weathering of primary silicates through three different ways, i.e., natural, artificial and biochemical weathering processes, and dealt with the products formed. Biological weathering and biological mineralization as well as their significance are emphatically discussed. Field observations and laboratory experiments indicate that microbes can accelerate the weathering reactions of aluminosilicate minerals. Moreover, microbial cell surfaces and extracellular polymers serve as templates for the nucleation and precipitation of secondary mineral phases.