中文摘要：

综述了以重油残渣为原料，采用化学气相沉积法、共炭化法和微波等离子体法可控制备气相生长碳纤维、碳微球、内包铁洋葱状富勒烯、纳米碳管、内包金属碳微米颗粒及定向碳纳米薄膜等各种高附加值碳材料；采用等离子体氧化法、酸处理法、化学还原法等方法对气相生长碳纤维和碳微球进行表面修饰，在产物表面引入含氧官能团，解决了可溶性碳材料的制备问题；在碳微球表面引入Pt纳米颗粒，使重油残渣基新型碳材料在表面修饰和功能化后可望成为性能优异的吸附和催化材料。

英文摘要：

The preparation of carbon materials with high added value, including vapor grown carbon fibers, carbon rnicrobeads, metal nanoparticle-encapsulating onion-like fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, metal-containing carbon microparticles and oriented carbon film are achieved by chemical vapor deposition, co-carbonization and microwave plasma methods. Vapor grown carbon fibers and carbon microbeads are modified by plasma oxidation, acid treatment and chemical reduction. Oxygen-containing functional groups and Pt nanoparticles are introduced onto the surface of the products after modification, realizing the preparation of solubilized carbon materials. All of these cast a basis for the modified and functionalized products from deoiled asphalt as promising absorption and catalysis materials.