中文摘要：

对表面增强拉曼（Surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscope，SERS）的增强机制研究进展，包括电磁增强机制和化学增强机制，以及具有高SERS活性的SERS探针进行综述。这种高活性的SERS探针可以用于单分子检测和单细胞成像。为了更好的应用于生物医学领域，SERS探针需要很好的生物兼容性。SERS探针能够提供详细的光谱信息，为多元分子诊断和体内拉曼成像提供了新的研究工具。

英文摘要：

The fundamental mechanism of SERS （Surface ehanced Raman spectroscope）, such as electromagnetic and chemical effect, as well as the synthesis of SERS tags with high enhancement, which will be applied in single molecule detection and single cell imaging, were discussed. For applications, SERS nanoparticle tags have been developed based on the use of embedded reporter molecules and a silica or polymer encapsulation layer. The SERS nanoparticle tags are capable of providing detailed spectroscopic information. These properties have raised new opportunities for multiplexed molecular diagnosis and in vivo Raman spectroscopy and imaging.