中文摘要：

目的：观察叉头样转录因子3（forkhead boxP3，Foxp3）在大鼠实验性根尖周病变中的表达，探讨Foxp3与根尖周骨吸收的关系。方法：将30只Wistar大鼠开髓，于术后0，7，14，21，28，35d取下颌骨，制备组织切片，分别用HE染色观察骨吸收范围，免疫组织化学方法检测Foxp3的表达和酶组织化学方法检测破骨细胞的形成。结果：术后O～21d（急性期），Foxp3表达维持低水平，而破骨细胞迅速增多伴随骨吸收范围快速增大；术后21～35d（慢性期），Foxp3表达增高，而破骨细胞数目迅速减少，骨吸收无继续扩大趋势。结论：Foxp3表达于根尖周病损中，可能主要在慢性期控制炎症扩展中发挥作用。

英文摘要：

Objective： To examine the presence of forkhead box P3 （Foxp3） in rat induced periapical lesions and investigate the relationship between Foxp3 and periapical bone resorption. Methods： Pulp exposure was made in the lower first molars of thirty Wistar rats. 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 days after exposure, mandibles were removed and prepared for HE staining, immunohistochemistry and enzyme histochemistry to detect the extent of bone resorption, expression of Foxp3 and osteoclasts. Results： From day 0 to day 21 after induction （acute phase）, the number of Foxp3-positive cells remained at low levels, whereas the number of osteoclasts was increased with a fast expansion of periapical bone resorption. From day 21 to day 35 after induction （chronic phase）, the number of Foxp3-positive cells elevated, whereas the number of osteoclasts decreased rapidly, with no further expansion of bone re- sorption. Conclusion： Foxp3 was observed in rat periapical lesions, and may be related to the pathogenesis of periapical lesions. In acute stage, Foxp3 may be inhibited, but in chronic stage, Foxp3 may mainly play a role in controlling exacerbating inflammation.