中文摘要：

地质力学磁力模型试验利用电磁力(场)模拟重力(场)的原理研究地质力学工程问题,采用的相似材料由铁磁材料与岩土体混合而成。铁磁材料在磁场中的受力方向和大小与所处空间的磁通密度梯度的大小和方向有关,为了模拟均匀的重力场,需要得到在一定空间范围内磁通密度梯度大小相同、方向单一的磁场。根据电磁学基本原理,构建了3种磁路形式以获得磁通密度梯度相对均匀的磁场,对磁力模型试验相似材料进行加载。对比3种磁路,在最佳试验区内开放式磁路对磁场的利用率更高,所以在电流相同条件下等到的磁通密度梯度的量值也更大。与另两种磁路形式相比,尽管半开放式磁路在重量和工作效率上的性能不及开放式和封闭式磁路,但其最佳试验空间的磁通密度梯度的均匀性最好,误差在5%以内,半开放式磁路可以作为地质力学磁力模型试验的磁场发生装置。

英文摘要：

Geomechanics magnetic model test is a new test method that simulates gravity field with electromagnetic force field to study geomechanical engineering problems. In geomechanics magnetic model test, the magnetic field is achieved by solenoid and the similar material is made from the mixture of ferromagnetic material and rock-soil mass. The magnetic force, which is decided by the magnetic flux density gradient, will act on ferromagnetic material when it is put in a gradient magnetic field. In order to simulate the uniform gravitational field, a magnetic field with same magnitude and unidirection is needed in a certain space. According to the principle of magnetic circuit design and from different perspectives, three different kinds of magnetic circuit are presented to obtain the requisite magnet field to load the ferromagnetic material. In the optimum test space, the open type magnetic circuit can make full use of the magnetic field so that its magnetic flux density gradient can reach a larger quantity when the current is same; but the uniformity is not as good as expected. Taking advantage of the assumption of no magnetic dispersion, the closed type magnetic circuit has a better performance than the open ones. Comparing with the other two magnetic circuits, though the semi-open type is slightly inferior in terms of weight and efficiency, the uniformity of magnetic flux density gradient is the best of all; whose error is within 5%. In addition, because of the distribution of the coils and the test space, it is more convenient to arrange the testing instruments and loading device. Therefore, the semi-open type magnetic circuit is the optimal choice as the magnetic field generator for geomechanics magnetic model test.