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中文摘要：
利用超临界流体萃取分馏技术将大港减渣分离成16个窄馏分和1个萃余残渣,选择第3#、6#、9#、12#、15#窄馏分和残渣作为研究对象,运用隔膜池分别测定了308K下各个油样通过额定孔径为15、50、80和1000nm4种聚碳酸酯膜有效扩散系数和平均有效扩散系数。结果显示,大港减渣窄馏分及萃余残渣在膜孔中的有效扩散系数随着实验的进行逐渐降低,表明它们是由一定尺寸分布的组分构成的复杂混合物。随着馏分变重和膜孔直径的降低,各馏分的有效扩散系数均逐渐降低。受阻扩散因子的计算结果表明窄馏分和萃余残渣在15、50和80nm3种膜片中的扩散均受到不同程度的阻碍。窄馏分在50和80nm膜孔中的受阻程度较小,而在15nm膜孔中的受阻程度相对较大。萃余残渣在这3种膜孔中均存在较为明显的扩散阻力,在15nm膜孔中的受阻程度尤其严重。受阻扩散因子关联结果表明,在重油分子尺寸和孔径比值相同的条件下,窄馏分和萃余残渣的扩散受阻程度并不相同,分析认为这可能是两者分子构型的差异造成的。
英文摘要：
Dagang vacuum residue was fractionated into sixteen narrow fractions and an end-cut by supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation. The effective diffusion coefficients of five chosen fractions and the end-cut through 15, 50, 80 and 1000 nm polycarbonate membranes were measured at 308 K by a diaphragm cell. The results showed that diffusivities of residue fractions and end-cut decreased gradually as the experiment proceeded. It indicated that residue cuts were all composed of various molecules with different sizes. The effective diffusion coefficients of residue cuts decreased with increasing molecular weight and decreasing membrane pore size. The degree of hindered diffusion of five fractions and the endcut diffusing through 15 nm membranes was more significant, when compared with 50 nm and 80 nm membranes. Comparisons between fractions and end cuts sufficiently showed that the diffusion of end-cut was more severely hindered in these three types of membranes. The difference of molecular configuration might contribute to different degrees of hindered diffusion between fractions and end cut.
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