中文摘要：

首先回顾了描写核多体系统输运现象的一些主要模型和方法，然后介绍了输运现象微观动力学基础研究上一些新的结果，强调了单粒子运动动力学特征在建立集体输运方程和理解超重核合成机制上的重要作用。能量耗散和熵产生的数值计算结果表明，集体运动耗散过程可分为退相干、弛豫和定态等3个阶段，弛豫过程通常表现为非常复杂的反常扩散过程。在这些理论工作的基础上，提出了一种自洽地分离核多体系统集体和单粒子变量的可能途径。

英文摘要：

In this article, I provide a simple review on conventional methods and models on the transport phenomenon of nuclear many-body systems. By exploiting the basic idea of time-dependent projection operator, I recommend a novel method to derive the transport equation for collective motion which is embedded on the microscopic dynamics of time- dependent single-particle motion. It is emphasized that the microscopic dynamics of single-particle motion should play an important role for understanding the dynamics of nuclear reaction and the synthesis mechanisms of new superheavy elements. The numerical results of energy dissipation and entropy production indicate that the collective motion passes through three stages, such as dephasing/decoherence, statistical relaxation and stationary state. The statistical relaxation is a complex anomalous diffusion process in general. With the aid of above analysis and results, a possible way to define the collective and single-particle variables for the realistic nuclear many-body systems is proposed.