中文摘要：

发掘控制粳稻生育期和单株有效穗数的有利等位变异和携带有利等位变异的载体材料,为培育适应性广和产量竞争优势强的杂交粳稻组合提供遗传信息和育种材料。以94个粳稻品种构成的自然群体为试验材料,调查2个环境下各品种的生育期、单株有效穗数和株高,采用QGAStation软件中线性模型的方法进行条件表型值的转换,并利用TASSEL软件中的GLM进行生育期和单株有效穗数的基于非条件和条件表型值的关联分析。2个环境下共检测到34个与生育期和单株有效穗数相关联的SSR标记位点,其中15个与生育期关联,19个与单株有效穗数关联。RM8095-120bp、RM7102-176bp、RM72-170bp和RM72-178bp是与生育期关联的4个有利等位变异,其载体品种分别是红芒沙粳、日本晴、红芒沙粳和南农粳62401。将这些载体品种中的有利等位变异导入改良材料中,可缩短生育期2.03～9.93d。RM72-182bp是与单株有效穗数关联的有利等位变异,其载体材料为小青种。将小青种中的RM72-182bp条带导入改良材料中可以增加单株有效穗数3个左右。且利用上述载体材料中的有利等位变异改良目标性状时不会对另外2个性状产生影响。

英文摘要：

The elite alleles in carrier varieties for growth duration （GD） and productive panicle number per plant （PN） were detected in order to provide genetic information and breeding materials for breeding hybrid japonica crosses with wide adaptability and strong competitive advantage of yield. Natural population, composed of 94 japonica varieties, was used as experiment material. Phenotypes of GD, PN and plant height （PH） were investigated in two environments. The conditional phenotypic data were transferred by the linear model method in software QGAStation 1. 0, then association analysis based on the unconditional and conditional phenotypes of GD and PN were analyzed by using general linear model in the software TASSEL. A total of 34 SSR marker loci associated with GD and PN were detected in two environments. Among them, 15 were associated with GD, 19 were associated with PN. Four elite alleles of RM8095- 120 bp, RM7102-176 bp, RM72-170 bp and RM72-178 bp were associated with GD, and their carrier varieties were Hongmangshajing, Nipponbare, Hongmangshajing, Nannongjing 62401, respectively. These elite alleles can shorten GD by 2.03-9.93 d when they were introduced into improved materials. RM72-182 bp associated with PN was an elite allele, and its carrier variety was Xiaoqingzhong. RM72-182 bp introduction can increase PN by three. What＇s more, these elite alleles above can be used to improve target traits without influencing another two traits.