中文摘要：

蛋白质精氨酸甲基化是真核生物中一种广泛存在并在进化上保守的蛋白质翻译后修饰,由蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶（PRMT）催化完成。动物中的研究表明,PRMT通过催化多种RNA结合蛋白的精氨酸甲基化而参与调控细胞多种重要的生命过程,如RNA代谢、细胞增殖以及信号转导等。概述真核生物中精氨酸甲基化对不同的RNA结合蛋白的功能调控,并重点阐述该翻译后修饰在转录后加工过程中的重要作用;介绍高等植物拟南芥中蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶参与转录后调控的最新研究进展,并对精氨酸甲基化修饰参与调控植物RNA结合蛋白的功能及今后可能的研究方向进行讨论。

英文摘要：

Protein arginine methylation, one of the most abundant and evolutionarily conserved post-translational modifications, is catalyzed by the protein arginine methyltransferases（PRMTs）. In mammals, by methylating multiple RNA binding proteins（RBPs）, PRMTs are involved in various key biological processes, such as RNA processing, cellular proliferation, and signal transduction. Here we overview the regulation by arginine methylation on different RNA binding proteins, and the essential role for arginine methylation in post-transcriptional regulation. In addition, we summarize recent studies on Arabidopsis protein arginine methyltransferases（At PRMTs）. Potential research directions of arginine methylation and RBPs in plants are also discussed.