中文摘要：

应用中国194站地表气压（OP）、NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均地表气压（NP）和海平面气压（NS）及ERA-40再分析月平均海平面气压（ES）资料,分析了中国区域夏季气压的气候变率,特别是再分析资料集中地表气压和海平面气压的再现能力。分析发现：1）3种资料均显示我国东部气压升高,NP（NS）中1976年前后的年代际突变特征显著,ES的变化量与OP相当,NP（NS）远高于其他两种资料;1965年以前NP、NS与OP、ES差异较大,NP（NS）显著偏低。2）OP和ES在20世纪70年代中期到90年代初期具有较为相似的3～4年的周期变化,而NP周期特征与OP、ES有显著差异,存在虚假的14年左右的周期特征;3）3种气压资料为一致的线性增高趋势,NP线性变化趋势最大,OP最小,北方大于南方,但再分析资料在对气压变化长期趋势的研究中,不确定性较大;4）OP显示气压变化不大,而ES、NP（NS）反映气压变化较大,以我国北方变化最为明显,从北向南逐渐降低,中心均在内蒙古中部一带。NP对我国北方地区气压变化估计偏高,对我国长江中下游地区、华南和山东半岛气压变化的反映略有不足;5）再分析资料可以再现我国气压年际变化特征,对我国气压的再现能力在东部优于西部,低纬度地区优于高纬度地区,并且ES的再现能力要优于NP（NS）。

英文摘要：

Based on in situ observational summertime air pressures （OP） at 194 stations in China,surface air pressures（NP） and sea level air pressures （NS） from NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data,and ERA-40 monthly mean sea level pressure （ES）,comparisons have been carried out between the OP and reanalysis data sets to indicate the representation ability of NP,NS,and ES for the periodic,interannual,interdecadal variability and the trends by means of statistical analysis such as wavelet transform,Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） decomposition. The results show that the increase over the eastern part of China is observed in OP,NP,and ES,while the abrupt change around 1976 is marked in both NP and NS. ES anomaly is closed to that of OP,which is much lower than those of NP and NS during 1958-2001. In detail,NP and NS magnitudes and anomalies are significantly different from those of OP and ES before 1965. Furthermore,ES show similar periods of 3-4 years to OP from the mid 1970s to the early 1990s,whereas NP and NS act quite different characteristics of a false period of 14 years. Increasing linear trends are showed in OP,ES,and NP/NS,while NP have the highest trend and OP have the lowest,and all the trends decrease from the north to the south. However,it must be noted that reanalysis data sets are uncertain in research of long term trend. The distributions of the variance show that the variability of OP is not as noticeable as those of the reanalysis data,which is characterized by the variance decreasing from the north to the south with centers located over middle Inner Mongolia. NP in northern China are overestimated but less estimated in southern China. Generally,ES,NP,and NS can represent the interannual variability of the pressure over China,better（worse） in the eastern（western） part of China and better in low latitudes,while ES are superior to NP/NS.