中文摘要：

随着全球导航卫星系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）技术的快速发展以及其定位精度的不断提高,GNSS反演海潮负荷（主要是位移）相比重力测量、甚长基线干涉测量（very long baseline interferometry,VLBI）研究海潮负荷有着方便、快速、经济、精确等独特优势,因此受到国内外众多研究学者的关注。当前研究重点已从通过引入海潮负荷位移模型以＂提高定位精度＂,发展到利用GNSS获取＂海潮负荷信息＂。本文对近十几年来国内外学者利用GNSS研究海潮负荷的进展进行了系统综述,并指出现有海潮负荷位移模型存在的问题（模型整体精度偏低,尤其在浅海地区）以及利用GNSS反演海潮负荷位移方法存在不完善之处（伪周年项的产生、系统差的存在以及部分分潮与GNSS残差的耦合效应）。

英文摘要：

OTL（ocean tide loading）displacement inversion based on GNSS has a unique advantage given the rapid development of GNSS technology.It is more convenient,economic,accurate,and faster in comparison to gravity and VLBI（very long baseline interferometry）measurement on ocean tide loading.We conduct a systematic review on the progress of GNSS ocean loading research as this approach has drawn a lot of attention at home and abroad.We introduce the OTL displacement model for improving the accuracy of GNSS positioning,and obtain ocean tide loading information using GNSS.We point out the problems existing in the current OTL displacement models（the overall accuracy of the model is low,especially in the shallow water area）and the drawbacks of GNSS OTL displacement inversion methods（the emergence of pseudo anniversary,the existence of the system errors and the coupling effect between some tidal constituent and GNSS residual errors）.