为了探讨高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔心脏对低氧环境的适应机制,以Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠为对照,测量三者的心脏/体重LL(HW/Bw)、右心室/(左心室+室间隔)重量比[RV/(LV+S)];应用免疫组织化学方法测定心肌微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD);通过显微体视学技术比较线粒体的面数密度(NA,单位面积中线粒体数目)、体密度(Vv,单位体积心肌纤维中线粒体的体积密度)、面密度(Sv,单位体积心肌纤维中线粒体外膜的面积密度)、比表面(δ,线粒体外膜面积与其自身体积的比);用分光光度法测定心肌中的肌红蛋白(myoglobin,Mb)含量、乳酸(1acticacid,LD)含量和乳酸脱氢酶(1actate dehydrogenase,LDH)活力:聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳观察LDH同工酶谱。结果显示:高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔HB/WB显著大于SD大鼠(P〈0.05),RV/(LV+S)显著小于SD大鼠(P〈0.05)。高原鼢鼠、高原鼠兔和SD大鼠心肌MVD和线粒体NA依次递减(P〈0.05);高原鼢鼠线粒体Vv显著低于高原鼠兔和SD大鼠(P〈0.05),高原鼠兔与SD大鼠之间没有明显差异;高原鼢鼠线粒体Sv显著高于SD大鼠(P〈0.05),与高原鼠兔相比无明显差异;高原鼠兔和SD大鼠的线粒体6无显著差异,但均明显低于高原鼢鼠(P〈0.05)。高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔心肌Mb含量显著高于SD大R(P〈0.05);高原鼢鼠心肌LD含量显著高于高原鼠兔和SD大鼠(P〈0.05);两种高原动物心肌LDH活力显著低于SD大鼠(P〈0.05)。同工酶谱显示,高原鼢鼠、高原鼠兔和SD大鼠的LDH中H亚基所占比例依次递减。以上结果提示,高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔通过增加心肌线粒体Sv、MVD以及Mb含量提高其在低氧环境获取氧的能力:同时,由于生境和习性上的不同,两者线粒体指标又表现出差异性。
Plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzniae) are native to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. To study their adaptive mechanisms, the ratios of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) and right to left ventricular plus septum weights [RV/(LV+S)] were determined; the microvessel density (MVD) of cardiac muscle were measured by immunohistochemical staining; the numerical density on area (NA), volume density (Vv), specific surface (δ), and surface density (Sv) of mitochondria were obtained by microscopy and stereology; the contents of myoglobin (Mb) and lactic acid (LD), and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cardiac muscle were analyzed by spectrophotometer. The results showed that the HW/BW of plateau zokor [(4.55±0.26)%] and plateau pika [(4.41±0.38)%] was significantly greater than that of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat [(3.44±0.41)%] (P〈0.05), but the RV/ (LV+S) [(22.04±1.98)%, (25.53±3.41)%] was smaller than that of SD rats [(44.23±3.87)%] (P〈0.05). The MVD and NA of cardiac muscle were 1688.631±250.253 and 0.768±0.123 in SD rat, 2002.888±367.466 and 0.868±0.159 in plateau pika and 2990.643±389.888 and 1.012±0.133 in plateau zokor. The Vv of mitochondria in plateau zokor (0.272±0.045) was significantly lower than that in plateau pika (0.343±0.039) and SD rat (0.321±0.048) (P〈0.05), while the δ of mitochondria in plateau zokor (9.409±1.238) was higher than that in plateau pika (6.772±0.892) and SD rat (7.287± 1.373) (P〈0.05). The Sv of mitochondria in plateau pika (2.322±0.347) was not obviously different from that in plateau zokor (2.468±0.380) and SD rat (2.227±0.377), but that in plateau zokor was significantly higher than that in SD rat (P〈0.05). The contents of Mb in cardiac muscle of plateau zokor [(763.33±88.73) nmol/g] and plateau pika [(765.96±28.47) nmol/g] were significantly higher than that of SD rat