中文摘要：

为揭示春玉米高产栽培下产量形成的生理机制,以郑单958为供试品种,设高产栽培（HY）和常规栽培（CK）,于2009-2011年进行试验,分析高产栽培下春玉米的光合特性和干物质积累与运转规律。结果表明,3年春玉米高产栽培产量稳定达到15 000kg/hm2,平均单产16 086.8kg/hm2,较对照增产52.8%。高产春玉米叶面积指数（LAI）大,衰退慢,最大LAI达到6.62,成熟期仍保持在3.2以上;从大喇叭口期开始,SPAD值、单位土地面积净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）明显提高,在吐丝期时达到最大且持续保持较高水平;与对照相比,开花期营养器官干物质积累量、花后营养器官（茎、叶和鞘）干物质转运量、转运率及其对籽粒贡献率平均值分别提高22.44%、114.1%、46.56%和42.68%,均达到显著水平。可见,要实现高产再高产,需保证春玉米生育中后期具有光合效率高、功能期较长的高产群体,且在增加开花期营养器官干物质积累量和花后营养器官干物质转运量的同时,进一步促进花后营养器官干物质向籽粒的转移。

英文摘要：

The Zhengdan 958 was grown under high yield cultivation（HY） and routine cultivation（CK） in 2009-2011 and photosynthesis,dry matter accumulation and translocation characteristics of spring maize were analyzed to reveal physiological mechanism of yield formation under high yield cultivation and provide the theoretic references for high yield cultivation and super high yield cultivation of spring maize.The results showed that the high yield spring maize reached 15 000 kg/hm2 stably in three years and had the average yield of 16 086.8 kg/hm2,increased 52.8% than CK.Compared with routine cultivation,the high yield spring maize had the following features： the leaf area index was higher and declined slowly,the maximum LAI was 6.62 and kept beyond 3.2 in maturity stage;the SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,stomatal conductance（Gs） and transpiration rate（Tr） per unit land area were higher and kept bigger after silking stage;the assimilation amount of dry matter in vegetative organs（stems,leaves and sheaths） in anthesis（AADMVOA） and translocation amount of dry matter in vegetative organs after anthesis（TADMVOAA）,translocation ratio of dry matter in vegetative organs after anthesis（TRDMVOAA）,contribution of dry matter translocation amount in vegetative organs to grains after anthesis（CDMTAVOAA） were significantly increased by 22.44% and 114.1%,46.56%,42.68% separately.To achieve high yield and super high yield,spring maize should have a high yield population and higher photosynthetic efficiency and longer period of photosynthetic functional leaves,and increase the assimilation and translocation amount of dry matter in vegetative organs,as well as promote the translocation ratio of dry matter in vegetative organs after anthesis.