中文摘要：

【目的】建立鉴定鸡（♂）与鹌鹑（♀）属间杂交早期胚胎性别的方法，检验早期胚胎性别比。【方法】人工授精获得鸡与鹌鹑杂交种蛋，按照鸡的标准孵化条件同批入孵，连续随机采集发育早期66、72、78、84、90、96、102、108、114、120h活胚。采用RT-PCR方法，以已知性别的鹌鹑作外参照，β-actin引物作内参照，用鹌鹑Wpkci基因保守区设计的引物鉴定早期胚胎样本性别。【结果】Wpkci引物可以准确鉴定杂交胚胎的性别；早期胚胎性比率与理论值相比，差异极显著（P＜0.01），雄性明显多于雌性；不同天数间性别比率差异不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】利用Wpkci引物建立了一种简单、快速、可靠、稳定的鉴别杂交胚胎性别的方法；早期胚胎雌性死亡率明显高于雄性，雌性死亡率无特定高峰，需进一步研究。

英文摘要：

【Objective】A method was established to identify the sex of earlier embryos of chicken（♂）-quail（♀） hybrids, and the sex ratio of each period （66-120 h） was investigated.【Method】 The cross bred eggs of quail（♀） and chicken（♂）-semen were obtained by artificial insemination, eggs then hatched in one batch according to the standard conditions of chicken, earlier living-embryos of 66, 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 102, 108, 114, and 120 h were collected randomly. The method of RT- PCR, and multiply PCR, were used and the known sex quail was used as external control and taken β-actin as internal standard, used primers that were designed according to the conservative area of gene Wpkci of quail. 【Result】 Primer Wpkci can be used to identify sex of hybrid embryos accurately. There were more male than female in earlier embryos, comparison of the sex ratio of earlier embryos with academic numerical value was significantly different （P〈0.01）, there was no difference among different periods （P 〉0.05）. 【Conclusion】 A simple, fast, credible and stable method to identify the sex of earlier hybrids embryos was established by using primer Wpkci. In earlier embryos, the death rate of female was higher than that of male and there was no change peak, which is still needed for further study.