中文摘要：

关节炎是一种较为常见的累及运动系统的慢性疾病,可分为骨性关节炎和风湿性关节炎等.我国北方地区冬季寒冷,该病发病率较高.小干扰RNA（small interfering RNA,siRNA）是一类长度约为21～23对核苷酸的双链小分子RNA,参与基因沉默,已经应用于关节炎治疗的研究中.MicroRNA（miRNA）是一类内源性小分子RNA.其常规作用方式是通过与靶基因的3＇UTR结合抑制靶基因的表达.目前,已有研究表明miRNA与关节炎发病联系密切.通过局部注射等多种途径,向体内递送各种经过修饰的miRNA能够发挥改善关节炎症状等作用.这些研究提示miRNA将成为关节炎治疗的新靶点.

英文摘要：

Arthritis is a relatively common chronic disease involving locomotor system. It can be divided into rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In the Northern parts of China, arthritis caused severe problem in local people. Small interfering RNA is a double-stranded small molecule RNA about 21 to 23 nucleotides. It plays an important role in gene silencing, and also has been widely used in the pathogenesis of arthritis studies. MicroRNA is a single-stranded small molecule RNA that reduces the expression of target gene by binding the 3＇ UTR of its target gene. At present, studies have shown that microRNA linked closely to arthritis and played important roles in arthritis formation. It is effective to inhibit arthritis when specific kind of small molecular RNA is applied in vivo by local injection mode. These studies indicated that small molecular RNA would become a new target for arthritis treatment.