中文摘要：

对外泌体的生物起源以及近几年报道的利用物理方法、电化学、表面等离子共振以及微流控等外泌体定量的方法进行了综述，并对外泌体在疾病诊疗中的应用包括外泌体作为潜在的肿瘤标志物以及辐射诱导的外泌体的生物学效应进行综述，最后对外泌体研究的未来发展进行了展望。

英文摘要：

This review outlines the biogenesis of exosomes and quantitative methods for exosome detection that have emerged in recent years, including surface plasmon resonance and physical, electrochemical, and microfluidic methods. The applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as the screening of exosomes as potential tumor markers and the biological effects of radiation-induced exosomes, are summarized. Moreover, future trends in exosome research are forecasted.