中文摘要：

破裂开始的机制是为水力的破裂技术的基本问题。因为在为不同水库的破裂开始机制的巨大的差别，成功的断裂技术用于孔水库的一些为折断的水库是徒劳的。用一台过程模拟设备的实验室测试被执行在不同水库证实破裂开始和繁殖的特征。破裂开始和繁殖上的外壳的压力地，限制压力，和自然破裂的影响被讨论。试验性的结果证明在洞附近的压力集中将显著地增加岩石的破裂压力。同时，在地上凿穿墙中的自然破裂将消除压力集中，它在破裂开始压力导致减少。

英文摘要：

The mechanism of fracture initiation is the basic issue for hydraulic fracture technology. Because of the huge differences in fracture initiation mechanisms for different reservoirs,some successful fracturing techniques applied to porosity reservoirs are ineffectual for fractured reservoirs.Laboratory tests using a process simulation device were performed to confirm the characteristics of fracture initiation and propagation in different reservoirs.The influences of crustal stress field,confining pressure,and natural fractures on the fracture initiation and propagation are discussed.Experimental results demonstrate that stress concentration around the hole would significantly increase the fracture pressure of the rock.At the same time,natural fractures in the borehole wall would eliminate the stress concentration,which leads to a decrease in the fracture initiation pressure.