中文摘要：

目的探讨源自分布广泛的脂肪组织的干细胞的体内分化潜能及非诱导修复全层透明软骨缺损的效果。方法体外切取脂肪组织并分离培养脂肪源性干细胞（ADSCs）。随机将36只新西兰大白兔分为三组，混合有藻酸钙凝胶的ADSCs用来填充髌股关节的全层透明软骨损伤，凝胶修复或未做治疗组作为对照组。4周和12周后对重建组织进行大体和光镜、电镜下观察，组织学分析和定量计分也用于检测结果。结果ADSCs重建的组织白色质韧，完全充填缺损处，表面光整与周围软骨连接，修复组织的微观结构与软骨相似，含有更多的细胞和规则的基质纤维，基质有甲苯胺蓝异染性，优于其他各组。透射电镜可见大量胶原纤维环绕细胞周围。凝胶组和对照组修复组织为薄层纤维组织。修复效果评分的统计分析显示实验组在各时问点上与其他组相比有统计学差异（P〈0.01。结论这些结果表明源自成熟脂肪而未经诱导的干细胞拥有修复软骨创伤的能力，组织显示为透明样，产生生物学可行性结果。

英文摘要：

Objective To testify the stem cells deriving from the widely distributed fat tissue for their differentiation ability in vivo and the effects for repair the hyaline cartilage trauma. Methods The ADSCs were derived from adipose tissue and cultured in vitro. Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups randomly. The cultured ADSCs mixed with calcium alginate gel were used to fill the full-thickness hyaline cartilage defects created at the patella-femoral joint, and defects repaired with gel or without treatment were served as control groups. After four and 12 weeks, the reconstructed tissue was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Histological analysis and qualitative scoring were also performed to detect the outcomes. Results The reconstructed tissue with ADSCs was similar to the microstrueture of hyaline cartilage, and contained more cells and regular matrix fibers than other groups. Plenty of collagen fibers around cells could be seen under transmission electron microscopy. Statistical analysis revealed the significant difference between the experimental group and control groups （ P 〈 0. 01 ） at each time-point. Conclusions These results indicate that stem cells derived from mature adipose without induction have the ability to repair the cartilage injury with hyaline-like tissue, and will result in a biological feasibility.