中文摘要：

在分析鸟类对人类干扰耐受程度的研究中,惊飞距离是常用的衡量指标之一,它是指人在鸟类惊飞之前能接近鸟类的距离,反映了鸟类对人为侵扰的适应程度。本文通过对青藏高原广泛分布的白腰雪雀Montifringilla taczanowskii和棕颈雪雀M.ruficollis惊飞距离的比较研究,旨在探讨2种鸟类对人类干扰适应性的差异。结果显示,体型较大的白腰雪雀的惊飞距离（12.50 m±0.36 m,n=46）显著大于棕颈雪雀的惊飞距离（11.03 m±0.43 m,n=33）;觅食个体的惊飞距离显著小于观望个体（P〈0.001）;随着入侵者起始距离的增加,2种雪雀惊飞距离逐渐增大（P〈0.001）。结果表明,鸟类初始状态和入侵者起始距离能够显著影响鸟类的惊飞距离,体型较大的鸟类对人类干扰的适应性较差。

英文摘要：

Flight initiation distance（ FID） is an excellent metric to quantify the tolerance degree of bird against human intrusion. It refers to the distance of a bird begins to flee from an approaching threat,and reflects the adaptation ability to human intrusion. The present work investigated the FID of the white-rumped snowfinch（ Montifringilla taczanowskii） and rufous-necked snowfinch（ M. ruficollis） on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and discussed the adaption of these two species to the human disturbance. The results indicated that the FID of M. taczanowskii（ 12. 50 m ± 0. 36 m,n = 46）,which was the largest species among its genus,was significantly larger than that of M. ruficollis（ 11. 03 m ± 0. 43 m,n = 33）. Foraging snowfinch tolerated a closer distance than watching individuals,and there was a significant positive relation between the starting distance of intruder and the FID of both species. In conclusion,the initial activity of animals and the starting distance of intruder can influence the FIDs,and the birds with larger body size had relatively lower adaption ability against human intrusions.