中文摘要：

目前,随着微流动器件的应用领域更加广泛,包括化学、生命科学、芯片实验室及微加工制造（Micro electro mechanicalsystems,MEMS）等相关领域,流体在微流动器件内部的流动行为成为重要的研究内容。微尺度、低雷诺数流动的表面力作用相对增强,微尺度流动行为与宏观尺度有显著不同,目前许多复杂的微尺度流动现象还无法给出合理的解释。显微粒子图像测速技术（Micro-scale particle image velocimetry,Micro-PIV）是一种整场、瞬态、定量的微流场可视化技术,目前已达到相当高的分辨率（0.1μm）,成为一种重要的微流动研究手段,引起广泛的研究关注。综述Micro-PIV技术在基本理论、关键技术、三维测速等方面的最新研究进展,并重点介绍Micro-PIV技术在近壁面流动、电渗流、微混合、生物流体、微液滴与气泡等研究中的应用进展,最后对此项技术的发展做展望。

英文摘要：

Recently,as microfluidic devices have been widely used in the chemistry,life science,lab-on-a-chip,micro electro mechanical systems（MEMS） and so on,the characterization of fluid behavior at the scales of micro and nanometer levels is essential.Because of the small scales and low Reynolds numbers,surface forces become important relatively.The flow behavior in micro-scale is significantly different from that in macro-scale and many complex phenomena are not clear.Micro-scale particle image velocimetry is a kind of full field,instantaneous and quantitative method that can be used to characterize the performance of such microfluidic system with spatial resolutions better than one micron.It has been an important measurement technique and been widely studied.In this article,the recent development of Micro-PIV including the fundamentals the technique and the theoretical background is reviewed.An overview of the most relevant applications is given on the topics of near-wall flow,electrokinetic flow,mixing,biological application,bubble flow and so on,and its progress is forecasted.