中文摘要：

近年来，纳米金因其独特的物理化学性质及生物学性质受到越来越广泛的关注，并逐渐被当作光学探针和生物相容性材料来使用。随着纳米金标记技术向医学领域的不断渗透，以纳米金为免疫标记物的检测技术将成为现代重要标记技术，也将会在未来基础医学和临床医学中得到广泛应用。本文综述了纳米金在病原体、核酸蛋白质检测和生物传感器制备等方面的最新研究进展。

英文摘要：

In recent years, gold nanoparticles（GNPs） have attracted more and more attention for their unique physical, chemical and biological properties, and are emerging as optical probes and biocompatibility materials for use. With the application of nanogold labeling technology in the medical field, detection techniques using GNPs as immune markers will become a major labeling technique, and will have wide applications in basic and clinical medicine. In this article, recent research progress on the applications of GNPs in the detection of pathogens, nucleic acids, and proteins and in the preparation of biosensors is reviewed.