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关中地区两种不同农业管理方式下土壤微形态特征

期刊名称：庞奖励，黄春长，查小春，张旭. 关中地区两种不同农业管理方式下土壤微形态特征. 中国农业科学，40（
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分类：S152.2[农业科学—土壤学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院／西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,西安710062, [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710075
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目（40471119：40571154）：黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室基金项目（SKLLQG0604）;教育部高校博士点基金（20050718008）陕西省自然科学基金（2006D01）.致谢：在野外和室内工作中得到周自翔、王利军、张健、邱海燕的帮助,在此表示衷心的感谢!
相关项目：黄河中游古代都市迁移发展与环境变迁互动关系研究

关键词：土壤微形态, 灌溉, 关中地区, Micromorphology, Irrigation, Guanzhong areas

中文摘要：

【目的】通过对关中地区不同土壤微形态特征的研究和对比,试图阐明农业管理方式对土壤发育过程和方向的影响。【方法】用偏光显微镜和NIKON NISBR2.2软件对土壤微形态进行了观察和分析。【结果】灌溉和非灌溉土壤均具有Ap1-Ap2-BC剖面构型,但前者分异更明显;粗颗粒矿物组合均以石英和长石占绝对优势;与非灌溉土壤相比,灌溉土壤Ap1和Ap2层中颗粒的长度、等圆直径、周长、面积、圆度、C/F（10μm）值降低的程度更大,残积粘土数量更多且出现一定数量的淀积粘土,孔隙形态更规则和孔壁更光滑。【结论】农业管理方式对土壤剖面分异和微形态有显著的影响;农业生产过程中的灌溉可增强风化强度,使颗粒形态细化和园化程度增强,残积粘土数量显著增加且可出现淀积粘土,但对粗颗粒主要矿物组合影响不明显。

英文摘要：

[Objective] To compare micromorphological features of both irrigated and non-irrigated soils in Guanzhong areas, this paper tries to illustrate the infuluences of agricultural management method on soil-forming process. [Method] Soil micromorphology was observed under a petrographic microscope and its image was quantitatively measured by NIKON NISBR2.2 software. [Result] Both irrigated soil and non-irrigated soil have the same soil profile type of Ap1-Ap2-BC, but the former has a more obvious profile difference. The minerals assemblage of both soil profiles A and B is very similar, which was mainly composed of Q and P1. Compared with non-irrigated soil, the coarse of irrigated soil is characterized by remarkably decreased Length, Area, EqDiameter, Perimeter, Elongation, Roundness and C/F（10μm） ratio; voids are characterized by more regular void shape and more smooth void wall; there are more abundant residual clay and little amount illuvial clay. [Conclusion] All the results in this study suggest that agricultural management method has influence on soil profile difference and micromorphology. Irrigation in agriculture could strengthen the degree of weathering, make smaller and rounder coarse, increase the quantities of residual clay and appear illuvial clay, but the influence on minerals assemblage of coarse is not obvious.

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