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中文摘要：
黑土在人类的影响下，土壤结构恶化，土层不断变薄，其根本问题在于，不合理的人类活动使黑土区土壤侵蚀加剧，黑土赖以发育的有机质得不到补充。而该区的作物秸秆却又出现大量剩余，并且这些秸秆的不合理利用导致环境污染。因此，在东北典型黑土区小流域土壤改良中应推广秸秆直接还田技术，同时考虑到技术中存在的问题，提出相应的解决方案。
英文摘要：
The accumulating of organic materials of the black soil was stopped and the occurring of severe soil erosion caused by irrational farming works are the main reasons for degradation of the soil in typical black soil region of northeast china. While large surplus of straw of crops are burnt and the smoke caused by burning polluted the air there. And lots of facts are presented to demonstrate that the applicability of returning straw to field directly is good in this region. So returning straw to field directly is suggested to solve these problems in the project of soil improvement in small watershed of northeast China considering some technical problems and the resolutions.
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