中文摘要：

石墨在高温气冷堆内用作堆芯结构材料和燃料元件基体，在反应堆内承受高温、高辐照等极端条件。本文以球床式高温气冷堆为例，对堆内使用的结构石墨的功能、所处环境和技术要求等进行介绍，并对球形燃料元件用基体石墨粉体的特性如物理特性、工艺特性和化学特性等进行了详细的阐述。

英文摘要：

As the core structural material and fuel element matrix in high temperature gas-cooled reactors（HTGR）, graphite withstands extreme conditions such as high temperature and high doses of irradiation. In this paper the functions, environments and technical requirements of structural graphite used in pebble-bed HTGR were presented. Also the characteristics such as the physical, technologic and chemical characteristics of matrix graphite particles used in pebble fuel elements were discussed in detail.