中文摘要：

目的探讨不同的喂养方式对婴儿生长发育的影响。方法选取武汉市某区1 099名婴儿,在新生儿期、3月龄、6月龄和12月龄分别测量体重和身长,并对其喂养情况进行问卷调查。采用WHO Anthro软件计算年龄别体重的Z评分（WAZ）、年龄别身长的Z评分（LAZ）、身长别体重的Z评分（WLZ）和年龄别体质量指数的Z评分（BAZ）。结果该研究中新生儿期纯母乳喂养率30.6%;3月龄纯母乳喂养率55.5%;0~3月龄一直纯母乳喂养率25.2%。6月龄纯母乳喂养率16.6%。6月龄前添加辅食占62.4%。婴儿身长和体重至3月龄后均高于WHO参考值。与WHO的正态分布曲线比较,该研究中婴儿的WLZ至3月龄以后中位数大于WHO参考值,曲线右移。WAZ、LAZ、WLZ、BAZ、高体重率和超重率均随着月龄的增大而增加。3月龄、6月龄、12月龄高体重率分别占27.3%、30.2%、28.8%;超重率分别占6.9%、10.5%、6.6%。新生儿期、3月龄及0~3月龄一直采用人工喂养和混合喂养的婴儿,至6月龄和12月龄时体格发育高于纯母乳喂养的婴儿。3月龄非纯母乳喂养组,至6月龄和12月龄时高体重率显著高于纯母乳喂养组（P〈0.05）。0~3月龄一直非纯母乳喂养组,至6月龄时高体重率显著高于纯母乳喂养组（P〈0.05）,至12月龄时,超重率也高于纯母乳喂养组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果表明,3月龄时采用混合喂养为6月龄（OR=1.35,95%CI：1.00~1.81）与12月龄（OR=1.43,95%CI：1.06~1.92）时高体重发生的危险因素。结论纯母乳喂养有利于婴儿的正常生长发育,早期坚持纯母乳喂养有利于预防婴儿晚期发生超重。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the effect of different feeding patterns in infants of 0-3months old on their growth and development,and provide a reasonable basis for guiding infant feeding practices.Methods One thousand and ninety-nine newborns were included in this study from February 2014 to June 2016 in a district of Wuhan City.The body weight and length were measured in newborns,and 3-month,6-month and 12-month old infants.A questionnaire was used to obtain the information on feeding patterns of the infants during 0-3month of age.WHO Child Growth Standards were used to calculate the length of the length-for-age z-score（LAZ）,weight-for-age z-score（WAZ）,weight-for-length z-score（WLZ）and BMI-for-age z-score（BAZ）.The associations of the feeding pattern with the growth and development were analyzed.Results The exclusive breastfeeding rate in newborn was 30.6%and 55.5%in 3-month-old infants.The rate of sustaining exclusive breastfeeding during the first 3months was 25.2%,and as for 6-month-old infants,the exclusive breastfeeding rate was 16.6%.In total,62.4%infants were introduced complementary foods under 6months of age.Body weight and length values were higher than WHO reference values after 3months of age.Compared with the normal distribution curve of WHO,the median WLZ of infants in this study was higher than the WHO reference value after 3months of age,and the curve shifted to the right.The values of WAZ,LAZ,WLZ,BAZ and rates of greater body weight and overweight increased with age.The greater body weight rates of 3-,6-and 12-month old babies were 27.3%,30.2% and 28.8%,respectively.The overweight rates were 6.9%,10.5% and 6.6%,respectively.As for growth and development of 6-and 12-month old babies,the weight and length of those who had been formula-fed and mix-fed in their neonatal and 3-month-old age were significantly greater than those with exclusive breastfeeding（P0.05）.Non-exclusive breastfeeding（including formula feeding and mixed feeding）at 3month of age was positively associated with