中文摘要：

高分子水凝胶作为一类重要的生物材料被广泛应用于生物医药和组织工程领域。本文综述了基于化学交联和物理交联的有关组织工程用水凝胶的设计方法，重点介绍了通过自由基共聚、结构互补基团间的化学反应、高能辐射和酶交联的化学交联型水凝胶以及通过离子间的相互作用、结晶作用、氢键及疏水性相互作用形成的物理交联型水凝胶的研究进展，对比了各种交联机制的优缺点，并对水凝胶在组织工程领域中的进一步应用进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Hydrogels are widely used in the fields of pharmacology and tissue engineering. In this article, the hydrogels design methods based on chemical and physical crosslinking are reviewed. Chemically crosslinked hydrogels are formed by radical polymerization, chemical reaction of complementary groups, high energy irradiation and enzymatic reactions, and physically crosslinked hydrogels are formed by ionic interactions, crystallization, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.