中文摘要：

采用句子为阅读材料,变化句子中一个单字词形成语义连贯与语义违背两种实验条件,通过两个眼动实验探讨中文句子阅读中预视效应的产生是否受语义信息的影响。实验一运用自然阅读范式,考察当语义连贯与违背两类信息被读者直接注视时,读者眼动模式的变化。结果发现,在语义连贯与违背两种条件下,读者的眼动模式在目标位置立即产生差异,违背条件下首次注视时间更长,说明中文句子理解中语义加工可以进行得十分即时。实验二运用边界技术,使实验一的语义连贯与违背两类关键字只呈现在预视位置上,当读者的注视点越过边界时,两类预视字均变为另一个与句子意义连贯的目标字。结果发现,语义违背预视条件下,读者对预视位置将进行更长时间的加工。上述结果表明,中文句子阅读过程中,语义信息可以对预视效应产生影响。

英文摘要：

One of the important findings in reading research is the preview benefit： in addition to the currently fixated character information from the character to the right of the fixation located in the perceptual span was extracted and used in reading.Fixation durations were shorter when the appropriate visual information about the currently fixated character was available on the previous fixation than when it was inappropriate,suggesting that some preprocessing of the current character（referred as character n） occurred when the eyes were fixating the previous character（referred as character n-1）.In research on alphabetic scripts,it was generally agreed that the preview benefit can result from orthographic and phonological processes.But it was unclear whether semantic information can be extracted from the preview word and produces a preview effect.Albeit some positive evidence,most of the western studies did not support a semantic preview effect.Further,as most studies on this topic have been conducted in alphabetic languages,it is unclear whether the same conclusion applies to non alphabetic languages such as Chinese which differ from alphabetic languages in many important aspects.The present study examined whether semantic preview effect can occur in Chinese sentence reading.In Experiment 1,to examine the immediacy effect of Chinese sentence reading,Chinese participants were instructed to read 44 sentences each containing a target character located in the middle of a sentence,either semantically consistent or inconsistent with the sentence context while their eye movements were recorded.Results of experiment 1 showed that first pass processing time was significantly longer at the target character position for the inconsistent target than for the consistent target.This consistency effect indicated that Chinese readers were able to detect the inconsistency right at the target position.In Experiment 2,an eye monitoring procedure with the boundary paradigm was adopted to determine whether the semantically viola