中文摘要：

本文采用多层次转型理论的分析框架，回顾了国内外延伸生产者责任（EPR）制度的理论和实践进展，对比了EPR制度倡导者最初提出的创新导向的制度设计。与当前各国实践中基于成本一效益平衡所开展的政策评估研究，指出两者在是否应该将激进的可持续转型作为EPR基本政策目标上观点不同，其原因在于政策的技术创新激励效果难以通过可测量的政策评估方法进行有效考察。由此造成两者在EPR政策调整方向上的分歧：前者坚持EPR制度设计应该进一步完善个体责任原则．以激励生产者创新和采纳绿色技术，推进生产消费模式的系统转型；而后者则强调在现有管制框架下简化制度设计，重点完善循环处理基础设施及其管理效率。这种分歧不仅影响到发达国家EPR制度的演化。也深刻影响了发展中国家EPR制度的移植和建构。结论以中国电子废物管理实践为例，提出构建包含三个层次的演化经济学分析框架，考察EPR制度建构过程中，微观层次的企业技术选择，中观层次的供应链治理结构变动，和宏观层次的再生资源产业转型，以系统考察制度发展对技术创新的激励效果。

英文摘要：

This paper reviews the status and trends of Extended Producer Responsibility worldwide with the framework of multi-level perspective of transition theory. We compare the innovation-oriented regime design advocated by EPR theorists and the cost-efficiency analysis on EPR policies in practice, and point out that the conflict between them is whether the radical sustainable transformation should be treated as the basic policy objectives of EPR. The conflict comes from the difficulty in observing and measuring the impacts of EPR program on technological change. Thus, it leads to divergence in policy improvements for EPR practice. The former insists that EPR system should be based on the principle of individual responsibility to encourage the producers to redesign their products, as well as to promote the transition of production and consumption patterns. The later emphasizes on simplifying management and regulation under the existing regulatory framework, and improving the recycling infrastructure and its efficiency. This divergence does not only affect the evolution of the EPR system of developed countries, but also the transplantation and construction of EPR system in developing countries. In conclusion, we propose a framework to study the evolution of Chinese WEEE management system with three levels of observation, including： （1） the technological choices at firm level, （2） the dynamics in supply chain governance, and （3） transformation of recycling sector at large.