中文摘要：

储热最大的潜力就在于解决由于时间、空间或强度上的热能供给与需求间不匹配所带来的问题.储热技术的开发和利用能够有效提高能源综合利用水平,对太阳能热利用、电网调峰、工业节能和余热回收、建筑节能等领域都具有重要的应用价值.近年来,储热在基础研究和技术应用方面均受到了极大的关注.本文首先利用Thomson Reuters公司的检索平台Web of Science对显热、潜热及热化学3大类储热技术从2000~2015年的研究趋势进行统计,分析的结果显示在基础研究方面潜热储热是当前最受关注的储热技术,热化学储热的关注度居中,显热储热的关注度最小,这主要取决于3种储热技术的成熟度.其次,在广泛总结前人研究成果的基础上,对比了3类储热的主要技术特色,诸如储能密度、储能规模、储能周期、储能成本、优缺点、未来研究重点等,并指出各储热技术应用领域的选择与拓展应充分考虑其各自的技术特色.最后,对储热技术的最新进展进行重点分析,主要包括近5年来出现的以储热瓷与类离子液体为代表的潜热储热技术、钙基高温热化学储热技术、以及混合储热技术,详细阐述了这些储热技术的原理与发展潜力,旨在为新型储热系统的研究与应用提供详实的参考.

英文摘要：

Thermal energy storage is an indispensible technology for adjusting the instability and time discrepancy between supply and demand of energy. It is mainly utilized for intermittent occasion, such as solar energy, variable energy load, and excessive energy that would be wasted rather than effectively utilized if it cannot be stored. Due to their potential for efficiently improving the comprehensive utilization rate of energy, thermal energy storage systems are of growing importance within the energy awareness： solar thermal utilization, peak shaving, industrial energy saving and waste heat recovery, building energy conservation, energy internet construction and so on. Developing efficient and inexpensive thermal energy storage devices is as important as developing new sources of energy, thus, in the past several years the thermal energy storage techniques have attracted a great deal of attention from both fundamental research and technological applications. Usually, there are three different mechanisms for thermal energy storage techniques： the sensible heat storage, the latent heat storage and the themochemical heat storage. The scope of this review is to give an overview and further analysis on the research which has been done on these three kinds of thermal energy storage techniques, and this review will be beneficial for the researchers and engineers to develop more efficient and optimized thermal energy storage systems. On the one hand, the research trends of three kinds of thermal energy storage techniques from 2000 to 2015 are carefully analyzed in the present review by using the statistics functions within the Web of Science Platform managed by Thomson Reuters. The statistics results show that according to the trends on paper numbers of each thermal energy storage techniques within the whole statistics period, the latent heat storage currently can be concluded as the most popular thermal energy storage technique in terms of fundamental research, the sensible heat storage is classified as least concern