中文摘要：

现代高分子材料加工所倡导的高性能化、功能化、多用途性、节能低碳等对加工制品内部多层次结构控制提出了非常高的要求.与传统高分子加工方法所注重评价加工参数变量对形态结构的影响不同,本文提出的定构加工方法学是通过特殊外场作用使得形态结构更利于调控,其特点是由外场作用决定的多层次结构;所获得的加工制品具有比常规加工更优异的宏观性能.两个典型的定构加工实例,聚丙烯/β成核剂注塑制品中形成类似竹子的仿生结构以及嵌段共聚物SIS微相分离结构与宏观力学性能关系,表明定构加工在调控制品最终多层次结构上的突出优势.定构加工代表着未来高分子加工发展的重要方向.

英文摘要：

From a structure-dominated performance point of view,the ultimate physical properties of polymer articles are directly related to their internal multiscale （hierarchical） structures, ranging from molecular, nanometer,submicrometer,to micrometer and mesoscope level. Since the features of hierarchical structure are strongly dependent on the external fields imposed during processing, many structural items can be well or precisely controlled, resulting in significant variables in hierarchical structure. Thanks to the fast developments of mechanical technique, various external fields, such as thermal, shear, extension, ultrasonic, electronic, magnetic,super-critical fluid fields, etc., can be nicely introduced into polymer processing, leading to the significantly improved ability of tailoring the microstructure/morphology via processing. It is characteristic as ＂externally applied field determined hierarchical structure＂, i. e. ＂ structuring＂ processing, which represents the advance trend in the modern polymer processing area, and is of the topic of this contribution.