中文摘要：

语素到底是否是独立的语言表征单元一直是研究者争论的焦点。大量认知研究发现语素存在独立的心理表征，语素复杂词结构的可分解性是语素具有独立心理表征的重要来源。近年来脑成像手段的应用为探讨语素在词汇识别中的作用提供了重要途径。脑机制的研究发现左侧额下回在语素加工中发挥重要作用，语素相关词能够引起N400波幅降低。然而汉语语素区别于拼音文字，必须借助于整词语境才能区分不同的语素。汉语存在大量的多音字，因此听觉角度是研究汉语语素的重要突破口。

英文摘要：

Whether morphology functions as an independent linguistic aspect during word recognition remains hotly debated. A large number of behavioral studies have revealed that the decomposition and combination of morphologically complex words underlies the cognitive mechanism of morphological processing. Brain imaging provides a critical tool for investigating the role of morphological processing and its neural basis： the left inferior frontal gyrus is an important correlate of morphological processing, and morphologically related words are associated with reduced amplitude of the N400 ERP component. However, Chinese morphology is distinct from alphabetic languages as morphemes are only differentiable based on the whole word context. Given the large number of homophones in Chinese it is, therefore, critical to investigate Chinese morphological processing of spoken words.