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不同改良物质对苏打碱土盐碱度及水稻生长的影响

ISSN号：1001-411X
期刊名称：华南农业大学学报
时间：2013.9.9
页码：445-449
分类：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102, [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049, [3]大安碱地生态实验站,吉林大安131317
相关基金：中国科学院西部行动计划三期（KZCX2-XB3-16）;公益性行业（农业）科研专项（200903001-06）;国家自然科学基釜（41071022）
相关项目：松嫩平原浅埋深地下水作用下的苏打盐渍土水分转换机制及地表植物响应

关键词：脱硫石膏, 农家肥, 水稻生长, 碱化度, 土壤改良, desulfurization gypsum , farm manure , rice growth , alkalinity , soil amelioration

中文摘要：

针对吉林省西部新垦水田地盐碱化严重等问题，研究了脱硫石膏（ GR）、沙土（ SS）、农家肥（ FM）、混合（ M）4种处理对苏打碱土新垦水田的改良作用．结果表明：M处理的水稻株高与SS、FM、对照（ CK）间存在极显著差异（P＜0.01）；GR处理的水稻根长、叶面积指数与CK、FM存在极显著差异（P＜0.01）；M和GR处理水稻株高、根长和叶面积指数差异不显著，表明M处理中的脱硫石膏成分对土壤改良的贡献率最大，进而影响水稻的形态特征．M处理的水稻根生物量最高，GR处理的水稻茎、叶、穗生物量和总生物量最高，并且与CK间存在极显著差异（ P＜0.01）．在改良12个月后，0～20 cm土层土壤的pH在M与CK间存在显著差异（P＜0.05）；CK、SS与GR处理间EC值差异极显著（P＜0.01）．在改良17个月后，M与CK间土壤pH存在极显著差异（P＜0.01）；CK、FM和SS处理与GR、M处理间EC、ESP值存在极显著差异（P＜0.01），M处理的EC值最高、ESP最低．GR处理水稻产量达到6071 kg/hm2．

英文摘要：

Effects of different treatments （ desulfurization gypsum （ GR ） , sandy soil （ SS ） , farm manure （FM） and mixed（M）） on new reclamation paddy field amelioration of soda alkaline soil were studied for these serious problems of soil salinization .The results showed that the rice height in M treatment differed significantly from SS, FM and control （CK） treatments （P〈0.01）;the root length and leaf area index in GR treatment differed significantly from control and FM treatments , the rice height , root length and leaf area index in M treatment did not have significant differences from GR treatment , which indicated that GR had the largest contribution to soil amelioration and affected morphological characteristics of rice . The root biomass of M treatment was the maximum , and the stem, leaf, spike and total biomass of GR treatment were the maximum , which differed significantly from CK .Soil pH of 0-20 cm in M treatment differed from CK （ P〈0.05 ）; differences in electric conductivity （ EC ） among CK , SS and GR treat-ments were statistically significant （ P〈0.01） after amelioration of 12 months, but the soil pH in M treatment differed significantly from CK （P〈0.01）, the maximum EC and minimum exchangeable sodi-um percentage （ ESP） were observed in M treatment;the EC and ESP of CK , FM and SS treatments dif-fered from GR and M treatments after amelioration of 17 months.The rice yield was 6 071 kg/hm2 in GR treatment .The most economic way was GR treatment in terms of cost savings , amelioration and produc-tion increase .