中文摘要：

为了满足人口增长对粮食的需求,保持水稻高产稳产和适应多变的环境显得尤为重要。水稻茎鞘储藏的非结构性碳水化合物（NSCs）可以在灌浆期光合受阻、非生物逆境胁迫时为产量形成提供同化物,从而缓解产量的降低。因此,茎鞘NSCs积累转运性状是水稻产量形成和逆境抗性遗传改良的潜在目标性状,调控茎鞘NSCs的积累与分配也成为水稻肥水管理的一个重要目的。综述了水稻源-库-流特征、氮肥、水分、光强、环境温度和水稻抗倒伏能力与茎鞘储藏NSCs积累与再分配的关系,氮肥运筹、合理灌溉、栽插密度等栽培措施对茎鞘NSCs积累与再分配的调控。最后,讨论了茎鞘NSCs在水稻高产稳产和抗逆性中的作用。

英文摘要：

High and stable grain yield of rice under changeable environments is significant for meeting the increasing food demand due to the rapid population growth.When assimilates are insufficient due to lower photosynthetic capability during the grain filling stage or under abiotic stresses,non-structural carbohydrates（NSCs）stored in the rice stems（leaf sheath and culm）may be as a source of carbohydrates for grain filling and relief of grain yield reduction.Considering the importance of NSCs,traits related to NSCs accumulation and re-partitioning are becoming a target for genetically improving grain yield and stress resistance in rice,and some attempts are made to regulate NSCs accumulation and re-partitioning by integrated crop management.We review effects of several factors on NSCs accumulation and re-partitioning,such as characteristics of source-flow-sink,nitrogen and water application,light density,ambient temperature,lodging resistance.On the other hand,we evaluate the regulation of NSCs accumulation and re-partitioning by optimization of nitrogen fertilizer application,irrigation and transplanting density.Additionally,roles of stem NSCs in increasing grain yield stability and stress resistance are discussed.