中文摘要：

利用筛选出的31对SRAP引物,对33份玉米自交系进行PCR扩增,采用PopGene 1.23、Structure2.3.3等软件完成玉米自交系遗传多样性和群体结构剖析,为自交系合理利用和杂交组配提供理论依据。结果显示,31对SRAP引物共检测出196个等位变异,平均6.32个;多态性比率40.00%-70.59%,平均为53.08%;基因多样性为0.2156-0.8854,平均为0.5495;PIC为0.1809-0.8976,平均为0.5507。结构分析表明,K=4时,△K值最大,即这些自交系可以划分成4个类群,依次为Reid、旅大红骨、塘四平头与PB群,新选自交系也相应地被划分到这四大类群里,没有独立成群。4个类群中,塘四平头群与旅大红骨群的遗传关系最近,与Reid群遗传关系最远。从系谱的亲缘关系分析,大部分已知自交系其SRAP聚类结果与系谱追踪结果有较好的一致性。

英文摘要：

Knowledge about the genetic diversity and population structure of maize inbred lines was important to the improvement and utilization of maize inbred lines. 33 maize inbred lines of China were analyzed by the 31 SRAP markers. The genetic diversity of these inbred lines was performed bythe software PopGene 1.23, and the population structure of these materials was revealed by Structure V2.3.3. Results showed that a total of 196 alleles were amplified using 31 SRAP primer pairs, with an average of 6.32 alleles per primer pair, the polymorphic rate averaged 53.08% , ranging from 40.00% to 70.59%. The genetic diversity averaged 0. 5495, ranging from 0. 2156 to 0. 8854,and the PIC averaged 0. 5507, ranging from 0. 1809 to 0. 8976. Results from the clustering analysis based on a model-based method indicated that the 33 materials could be divided into 4 groups,including Reid （ PA and BSSS）, Ltida red cob （ LRC ）, Tangsipingtou （ TSP）, and PB group （ or PB）. TSP group kept the minimum Nei＇s genetic distance with LRC group, and had the farthest genetic relationship with Reid group. The pedigree of some known inbred lines was analyzed. The result of clustering by SRAP were well consisted with family tree.