中文摘要：

目的了解3种常用5-羟色胺受体拮抗药预防TP方案化疗所致的胃肠道反应的疗效和不良反应,为临床合理使用止吐药物提供参考。方法接受TP方案化疗的卵巢癌患者468例,根据化疗前所用的止吐治疗方案分为A组172例,B组138例,C组158例。A组使用化疗药前15～30 min缓慢静脉滴注盐酸托烷司琼2 mg;B组使用化疗药前15～30 min缓慢静脉滴注盐酸阿扎司琼50 mL;C组使用化疗药前15～30 min缓慢静脉滴注盐酸格拉司琼50 mL。每组患者均在化疗期间每天缓慢静脉滴注止吐药物1次,共3 d。分别记录3种5-羟色胺受体拮抗药的疗效及不良反应。结果盐酸托烷司琼、盐酸阿扎司琼、盐酸格拉司琼抑制恶心反应总有效率分别为84.30%,82.61%,81.02%;止吐总有效率分别为98.26%,98.55%,97.47%,总不良反应发生率分别为13.37%,13.04%,13.29%。3种药物抑制恶心和呕吐反应的效果相似;B组呕吐反应完全缓解率明显高于C组,其差异有统计意义;3种药物的总不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;托烷司琼与阿扎司琼在便秘方面的不良反应发生率均明显高于格拉司琼,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 3种常用5-羟色胺受体拮抗药抑制恶心呕吐反应的效果相近,对于呕吐明显的患者推荐选用盐酸阿扎司琼,但盐酸阿扎司琼导致便秘的不良反应发生率较高,在使用过程中应注意提醒患者多饮水,必要时辅以通便治疗。

英文摘要：

Objective To investgate the preventive effects of three frequently used 5-HT receptor antagonists for chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal reactions and adverse effects,providing information for proper clinical use of antimetic drugs. Methods A total of 468 patients with ovarian cancer receiving TP chemotherapy were divided into group A of 172,group B of 138 and group C of 158 based on antimetics regimen accepted prior to chemotherapy.Patients of group A were intervenous drop infusion 2 mg of tropisetron 15-30 minutes before chemotherapy;patients of group B were intervenous drop infusion 50 mL of azaseron 15-30 minutes before chemotherapy;patients of group C were intervenous drop infusion 50 mL of granisetron 15-30 minutes before chemotherapy.Antemetic was intervenous drop infusioned slowly once a day during the whole duration of chemotherapy.Compare the condition of the curative effect and the adverse reaction after received different 5-HT receptor antagonists respectively. Results The effective rates of nausia inhibition between granisetron,tropisetron and azasetron were 84.30%,82.61% and 81.02%,respectively;The effective rates of vomiting inhibition between these three kinds of antemetics were 98.26%,98.55%,97.47% and the total incidence of adverse reactions were 13.37%,13.04%,13.29%,respectively.No significant difference was noted in nausea and vomiting inhibition and the total adverse reaction among three kinds of 5-HT receptor antagonists;for the vomiting complete remission rate,group B was much higher than group C;for the constipation reactions,the effect rate of azasetron and tropisetron were significantly higher than granisetron. Conclusion The effects of inhibiting nausea and vomiting among three kinds of 5-HT receptor antagonists were similar.For patiens with significant vomiting,azasetron is the best option.It should be noted that in the cause of the treatment of azasetron,patients should drink more water and take laxative treatment p.r.n.due to high incidence of constipation it caused.