中文摘要：

雌性哺乳动物体内是否存在分裂活跃的生殖干细胞（GSCs），依然存在争议。近年来研究证实，在人类和小鼠卵巢中分离得到了具有分裂活性的GSCs样细胞。假定的雌性哺乳动物GSCs可能定位于卵巢表面生发上皮中。卵巢微环境对GSCs池的维持和分化至关重，而年龄增加和免疫系统退变可以通过改变卵巢微环境使GSCs无法获得足够的支持来形成新的卵子和卵泡。雌性GSCs的存在，不仅可以为干细胞领域的研究提供新的来源，对辅助生殖技术的未来发展也有着重意义。

英文摘要：

Whether ovarian germline stem cells （GSCs） exist in female mammals has always been a controversial topic. Recent studies demonstrated that there are isolated putative GSCs from human and mouse ovaries. Evidences showed that these putative GSCs may reside in ovarian surface epithelium, which is an assembly of multipotent cells. What＇s more, signaling from ovarian surrounding microenvironment is vital for the maintenance and differentiation of GSCs. Aging and degeneration of immune system may influence surronding microenviroment, thus cause inability of GSCs to generate new oocytes and follicles. The existence of GSCs can not only provide new study materials in stem cells researches, but also be of important significance for development of assisted reproductive technology.