中文摘要：

针对气候变化的背景研究农田土壤微生物对气候变化的响应机制是调控农田土壤养分循环的理论基础。本研究基于设置在3个气候带（冷温带海伦、暖温带封丘和中亚热带鹰潭）的潮土移置试验，利用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）分析方法研究了移置第6年土壤微生物群落的变化特征。结果表明，在3种气候条件下潮土移置6年后土壤部分理化性质显著变化，土壤有机质含量表现为冷温带最高而中亚热带最低；在种植玉米的不同施肥处理中，土壤中微生物总PLFAs、革兰氏阳性细菌（G^＋）、革兰氏阴性细菌（G^-）、细菌和放线菌PLFAs含量均表现为海伦〉封丘〉鹰潭，真菌／细菌比值在冷温带最低；PLFA图谱的主成分分析显示气候条件显著影响了土壤微生物的群落结构，海伦和封丘位于PCI正轴，而鹰潭位于负轴，受气候影响较大的特征PLFA包括18：1ω7c、16：1ω5c、16：0、18：0和18：2ω6，9c；逐步回归分析显示温度、降雨和土壤有机质是影响微生物群落的主要因子。总体上，气候条件的变化在短期内（6年）改变了土壤微生物的群落结构，可以影响农田生态系统的生物地球化学循环。

英文摘要：

Understanding the mechanisms of soil microbial community response to climate change is critical to maintain agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability in farmland ecosystem. By combining soil transplantat experiment and PLFA （Phospholipid fatty acid） technique, this study explored the structure of microbial communities in Chao soil located at Hailun, Fengqiu and Yingtan for 6 years. The results unveiled that change of climate regimes altered some soil physicochemical properties. Soil organic matter （SOM） content was the highest in Hailun while lowest in Yingtan. The amounts of total PLFAs, Gram-positive, Gram-negative, bacterial and actinobacterial PLFAs were followed the sequence of Hailun 〉 Fengqiu 〉 Yingtan, and fungi to bacteria ratio was lowest in the Hailun. The PCA （Principal component analysis） showed that the structure of soil microbial communities were significantly affected by the changed climate regimes, and the samples located to the right along PCI for Hailun and Fengqiu while left for Yingtan. The dominant PLFAs were 18：1ω7c、16：1ω5c、16：0、18：0 and 18：2ω6,9c which were easily affected by climate regimes. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that annual average temperature, rainfall and SOM were the dominant factors in shaping soil microbial communities. Together, these results suggested that soil exposure to new climate regime for short time could cause a significant change of microbial community, which consequently affected biogeochemical cycles in farmland ecosystem.