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中文摘要：
智慧城市近年来引发了学界的广泛研究关注，并已成为城市建设的热点课题。但目前学界和业界主要从信息与通信技术的视角出发来来认识智慧城市。这一认识有一定片面性。对此，本文从系统工程的观点出发，由对城市系统的分析入手来阐释智慧城市的内涵。论文提出，现代城市在根本上是由三个系统彼此贯通耦合而形成的“赛博-物理-社会系统”，从而城市的“智慧”表现为由“生理智能”、“社会智能”和广义“人工智能”等三种智能形式综合形成的“整体谐生智能”。这一整体谐生智能的演化发展过程对应于智慧城市的发展过程。本文的分析由此解释了“智慧城市”内在的“三位一体”，即智慧城市是对城市信息化、城市智慧成长与可持续发展、以及知识与创造力城市等三方面发展思潮的综合。笔者希望本文能为进一步的智慧城市研究和建设工作提供一定启示。
英文摘要：
Smart cities have been widely concerned by both academic researchers and practitioners. The development of smart cities, however, is commonly considered as the construction of platforms and systems that are based on emerging information and communication technologies （ICT）. This view does not convey all aspects of smart cities. Thus, from the perspective of systems engineering, the nature of smart cities is explored in this paper through a systemic analysis of cities. It＇ s pointed out that modern city is essentially a ＂cyber-physical-social＂ system that is coupled by three systems ; consequently, the intelligence or wisdom of the city is the ＂holistic co-evolutionary intelligence＂ that is a fusion of ＂physiological intelligence＂, ＂ societal intelligence＂, and ＂ artificial intelligence＂ in broad sense. Therefore, the development of smart cities in essence corresponds to the advances of such holistic co-evolutionary intelligence. Through the prior analysis, this paper provides an explanation on the intrinsic ＂urban trinity＂ of smart cities, regarding the concept of ＂smart city＂ as the comprehension of the city digitalization, the smart growth and sustainable development, and the knowledge and creative city. The aim of this paper is to shed light on further researches and practical developments of smart cities.
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