中文摘要：

供给垫草是冬季扎龙保护区针对笼养丹顶鹤采取的重要保护对策之一。为完善保护对策,本文探讨了冬季供给垫草对笼养丹顶鹤的作用和影响。考虑笼养鹤的安全越冬,本文仅对保护区冬初开始供给和冬末停止供给垫草两个时间节点内有（Y）无（W）垫草组丹顶鹤的能量收支、行为和体征变化进行了比较。结果发现,冬初供给垫草后W组丹顶鹤摄食玉米的量、摄入总能量和摄入玉米的能量均显著高于Y组（P〈0.001）,摄水量和饮水量却显著低于Y组（P〈0.05）,Y组日间排泄次数（笼舍内垫草以外的地面）显著多于W组,白天摄食、静息、警戒和游走的行为时间分配组间差异显著（P〈0.05）和夜晚Y组丹顶鹤（5/7）趴卧静息于垫草之上;冬末停止供给垫草后W组丹顶鹤摄入玉米的量显著高于Y组（P〈0.05）,但摄入总能量、排泄次数、白天行为时间分配和夜晚静息位点均无组间显著差异;冬季丹顶鹤腹部覆羽的污损与其夜晚趴卧静息于垫草之上有关。本文认为,冬季最冷月份夜晚垫草可以确保笼养丹顶鹤的跗蹠和爪不被冻伤、有利于保温和节省能耗,保护区冬初开始供给垫草时间的选择合理（冬初的冷适应有利于提高丹顶鹤御寒的生理机能、此时气温已与野生丹顶鹤越冬地盐城冬季最低气温接近和W组丹顶鹤未被冻伤）,而冬末停止供给垫草时间节点可以适当提前（依据实验结果）,缩短供给垫草总时长或增加更换垫草频次均可减少鹤腹部覆羽的污损。总之,从动物福利角度和确保笼养丹顶鹤安全越冬考虑应该供给垫草,同时供给垫草不仅要关注鹤的安全越冬,还应考虑鹤的健康。

英文摘要：

Providing grass mats as a substrate for captive red -crowned crane（ Grus japonensis）in winter is an important protection countermeasure at Zhalong National Nature Reserve. To evaluate the effects of substrate grass on captive birds, and to perfect the protection countermeasures, we observed and compared the difference of energy balance, behaviors and body changes of red - crowned crane in cages（6 m×4 m ×4 m） with and without mat grass. We recorded data over a period of 7 days in early winter in December 2013 and again in late winter in March 2014 in their natural habitat in Zhalong National Nature Reserve. Fourteen adults older than 5 years of age were divided into two groups, group Y with substrate grass（3 females and 4 males） and group W without substrate grass（3 females and 4 males）. After substrate grass was provided in early winter, the corn intake, gross energy intake, and energy of intake corn by group W were significantly greater than by group Y（ P 〈 0. 001 ）. Gross water intake and fluid water intake was significantly lower for group W than for group Y（ P 〈 0. 05）. Diurnal frequency of defecation by group Y（on the ground without substrate grass in the cage）was significantly greater than for group W. Diurnal time budg- ets for feeding, rest, vigilance, and wandering were significantly different between two groups（ P 〈 0. 05）. The 5 cranes of group Y lay prone and rested on the substrate grass at night. After the substrate grass was removed in late winter, corn intake was significantly greater for group W than for group Y（ P 〈 0. 05）, while gross energy intake, frequency of defecation, diurnal time budget, and nocturnal standing spot of the two groups were similar. In winter, the abdominal coverts were stained due to lying prone and resting on substrate grass at night. In the coldest month of winter, the substrate grass protected the cranes＇ instep, metatarsus and claws from frostbite, and aided thermal insulation while reducing energy consumption. It proved