中文摘要：

通过将渐进性破坏理论应用到盾构隧道管片衬砌结构病害（尤其是管片开裂）产生的破坏分析中,采用相似模型试验方法,通过超载的形式从管片衬砌结构内力及位移、声发射信息、管片破坏过程方面,分析地层空洞缺陷对盾构隧道管片从材料细观损伤到结构宏观局部破坏再到结构整体失稳的整个渐进性破坏失稳过程的影响。试验结果表明：空洞缺陷的存在对衬砌结构的极限承载能力及破坏模式具有显著影响,首先是会降低管片失稳临界点对应荷载值,临界点对应的最大位移值与隧道半径比值减小,其次降低管片结构开始出现宏观裂缝时的荷载值;对于空洞的分布位置,拱肩位置空洞的存在更容易导致结构的失稳,其次拱腰和拱顶;空洞的存在也会改变衬砌结构失稳起始位置的分布,导致失稳起始位置接近或直接位于空洞位置。

英文摘要：

By using the method of model tests and introducing the progressive failure theory into the analysis of disease occurrence and propagation of segment linings of shield tunnels, from the internal force, structural displacement, acoustic emission signals and process of crack occurrence and extension, a comparative study on the influences of cavities behind linings under extreme loading conditions is carded out. The results show that the existence of the cavities has significant influences on the ultimate bearing capacity and failure laws of shield tunnels. First, it decreases the corresponding load at the critical point. Meanwhile the ration of the maximum displacement to the tunnel radius under this load also decreases. Secondly, the load of starting to induce macroscopic crack is lowered. For different cavity locations, the cavities located at spandrel are more likely to result in instability of the structure than those at hance and vault. The cavities may also change the starting location of instability of the structure, leading to that the position of instability is near or in the cavities directly.