中文摘要：

1995年以来,已有800多颗太阳系外行星（简称系外行星）被确认。系外行星大气和气候的研究正方兴未艾。这篇文章的目的就是为了简要综述系外行星大气和气候的最新研究进展。为了把系外行星大气和气候与太阳系行星大气和气候相比较,我们将首先简要介绍太阳系行星大气的基本知识,就像通常把太阳系行星大气与地球大气相比较一样。然后,我们介绍系外行星观测的进展以及关于恒星的宜居带和系外行星的宜居性等基本概念。文章的重点将放在综述系外行星大气的物理、化学和动力学性质的研究进展,还将介绍系外行星可能的气候环境和系外生命存在的可能性。我们对这些进展的介绍将包括观测、模拟和理论等内容。

英文摘要：

More than 800 extra-solar planets （exoplanets） have been identified since 1995. Exoplanetary atmosphere and climate are two of the newest areas in exoplanetary science research. The purpose of the present paper is to review the most recent progresses in these areas. Because Earth＇s atmosphere and climate are always used as a reference for studies in solar planetary atmospheres and climates, we first briefly introduce basic knowledge of these areas for comparison. We next introduce concepts of habitable zone of stars and habitability of exoplanets. We mainly focus on recent observational, simulation, and theoretical results of physical, chemical, and dynamical properties of exoplanetary atmospheres. Moreover, we introduce possible climate environments of habitable exoplanets around M-type dwarfs.