中文摘要：

为了获取传感器节点的实时位置,在河流水下传感器网络（UWSN）的独特环境中,采用流体力学的方法对河流水下传感器网络进行建模,模拟真实河流环境下传感器节点的运动规律。为了研究河流水下无线传感器网络数据传输的问题,提出了一种河流环境下基于分层的路由算法（RALM）。每个节点根据收到Sink广播的速度信息周期性地计算并更新各自的拓扑信息,数据待发送节点优先选择当前剩余能量最多的上一层的邻居节点进行数据转发,若上层无邻居节点,则转发给剩余能量最多的同层邻居节点。仿真实验表明,所提算法在网络的冗余度和丢包率上都要优于基于深度的路由算法（DBR）和基于分层的水下传感器网络路由协议（Layered-DBR）,网络生存周期分别提高了71%和45%。

英文摘要：

For the unique environment of the Underwater Wireless Sensor Network（ UWSN） in river,the model was built by method of fluid dynamics to obtain the real-time position of sensor nodes and simulate the movement law of sensor nodes in real river environment. Furthermore,on the problem of data transmission in UWSN,a Routing Algorithm based on Layered Mechanism（ RALM） was proposed for river environment. The topology information was calculated and updated by each node periodically based on the receiving speed from sink. The node to transmit data would choose the neighbor node in upper layer which has the most residual energy to be the next hop. If the node has no neighbor node in upper layer,the next hop would be the neighbor node in the same layer which has the most residual energy. The simulation results show that,compared with DBR（ Depth-Based Routing） and Layered-DBR（ Layered-Depth Based Routing）,RALM algorithm can effectively reduce the network redundancy and packet loss rate,and the network life cycle is raised by 71% and 45%.