中文摘要：

我国面临着十分繁重的病险水库及堤防除险加固任务，现行堤坝垂直防渗加固技术存在不同程度的缺陷和局限性，造成堤坝除险加固工作的“瓶颈”。非水反应类双组份发泡聚氨酯高聚物注浆材料是一种综合性能优良且绿色环保的堤坝防渗加固注浆材料。基于高聚物材料特性及在土体中扩散机理，提出了构建高聚物柔性防渗墙的新方法，与水泥混凝土防渗墙比较，具有扰动小、抗震抗裂性能好、施工便捷等优点；基于高聚物在水中反应特性、膨胀扩散特性及在粗粒土中扩散机理，提出了高聚物水下注浆、膜袋注浆及其复合注浆方法，适用于水利工程中的局部渗漏及管涌的处治。土质堤坝高聚物注浆技术已应用于多项实际工程，防渗加固效果良好，为进一步提升病险水库及堤防除险加固水平提供了重要技术支撑。

英文摘要：

Anti-seepage and reinforcement for dikes and dams have been a huge and heavy task in China. The current technologies of dikes and dams using vertical impermeable and reinforced structures have disadvantages and limitation and become a bottleneck in design of practical seepage-proof and reinforcing works. In contrast, non-water reacted two-component polyurethane has a good overall performance and environmentally friendly properties; it is suitable for seepage-proof and reinforcing material of dikes and dams. This paper describes a new method for constructing polymer flexible anti-seepage walls that is based on the material properties and the mechanism of diffusion in soils. Compared with the conventional anti-seepage walls of cement concrete, this method has advantages of little disturbance, good anti-seismic, anti-cracking property, and convenience in construction. We also present three corresponding technologies of polymer grouting -- underwater grouting, membrane bag grouting, and compound grouting -- which are based on the characteristics of polymer reaction and expansion in water and the mechanism of polymer diffusion in coarse-grained soils. All these grouting technologies are particularly suitable for treating localized leakage and piping in water conservancy projects. Polymer grouting technologies for earth dikes and dams have been applied in a variety of major projects and their seepage- proof and reinforcing effects are excellent.