中文摘要：

编码病毒的 microRNAs ( miRNAs )是 miRNAs 的一种新类型通过导致 mRNA 的劈开在主机房间或病毒调整目标基因的表达式，镇压翻译，等等，并且改变主机房间的进程或复制病毒逃离或抵抗并且自己保护病毒主机的有免疫力的监视。发现编码 miRNAs 的病毒的基因和他们的目标基因，并且识别他们的功能成为了一个热话题。这评论包括他们的 genomic 分发，功能和机制在病毒地编码的 miRNAs 的历史上提供背景资料。另外，我们讨论编码病毒、编码主人的 miRNAs 的类似和差别，在病毒的 miRNAs 的研究和他们在疾病的应用的未来方向控制并且治疗。

英文摘要：

Virus-encoded microRNAs （miRNAs） are a new kind of miRNAs that regulate the expression of target gene in host cells or viruses through inducing cleavage of mRNA, repressing translation, etc., and change the processes of host cells or replicate viruses to escape or resist immune surveillance of host and protect viruses themselves. It has become a hot topic to discover viral genes encoding miRNAs and their target genes, and to identify their functions. This review provides background information on the history of virally encoded miRNAs including their genomic distribution, functions and mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the similarities and differences between virus- and host-encoded miRNAs, the future directions of researches in viral miRNAs and their applications in diseases control and therapy.