基于完整线性模型分析了双向进气型脉管制冷机的制冷机理,并考虑了回热器空体积和气库压力波动的影响.假定回热器微元内的体积流量正比于局部压力梯度,通过代数方法建立了用于分析双向进气型脉管制冷机的完整线性模型.给出了制冷量、脉管冷端流量与压力相位差及性能系数与气库体积、工作频率、小孔与回热器流导系数之比及旁通阀与回热器流导系数之比的关系表达式.考察了工作频率、气库与脉管体积比对制冷机性能的影响,得到了与试验结果一致的最优工作频率.分析结果表明,冷端相位差随双向进气阀开度的增加而减小,从理论上证实了当工作频率约为1.4Hz时制冷机产生最大制冷量,而当工作频率约为1.0Hz时制冷机效率最高.
A complete linear model was utilized to further understand the refrigeration mechanism of a double-inlet pulse tube cooler, which taking into account of the finite regenerator and reservoir volume. Supposing that the volume flow rate in the regenerator element was proportional to the local pressure gradient, the algebraic formulations of the complete linear model were set up. The expressions of the cooling power, the phase between mass flow rate and pressure as well as the coefficient of performance were pres- ented in the following non-dimensional parameters, the volume ratio of reservoir to pulse tube, the working frequency, the conductance ratio of orifice to regenerator and the conductance ratio of bypass valve to regenerator. The effects of working frequency and the volume ratio of reservoir to pulse tube on the refrigeration performance were analyzed. The optimum operating frequency was obtained, which was identical to the experimental results. Analysis reveals that the phase between mass flow rate and pressure decreased as the conductance ratio of bypass valve to regenerator decreases. The cooler has the maximum cooling power when the working frequency is about 1.4 Hz, and it has the maximum coefficient of performance when the working frequency is about 1.0 Hz.