中文摘要：

作为一类重要的二维材料,二维有序多孔薄膜受到人们的广泛关注.气液界面胶体球刻蚀法是近些年发展起来的一种以漂浮在液面上的单层胶体晶体为模板来制备二维有序纳米结构的方法,具有简单、高效、重现性好、适用范围广以及结构参数易调变等优点.近年来,我们课题组利用气液界面胶体球刻蚀法实现了包括多种无机物纳米网、纳米碗阵列和纳米网-纳米碗复合阵列在内的一系列自支撑二维有序多孔薄膜的可控制备,考察了其二维光子晶体性质,并研究了其在刻蚀掩膜、溶剂检测、生物传感、电阻开关器件、光电化学分解水等方面的应用.本文在重点介绍我们课题组研究进展的同时,也简要总结了该领域的整体发展状况并展望了该领域的今后发展方向.

英文摘要：

Two-dimensionally（2D） ordered porous membranes are attractive structures with potential applications in a broad variety of fields such as separation and purification, controlled drug delivery, scaffolds for tissue engineering, biosensors, wetting and adhesion, photonic crystals and optical devices, electric and optoelectric devices, antireflective coatings, low dielectric constant materials, and templates or microreactors for nanofabrication. Nanosphere lithography（NSL） based on monolayer colloidal crystals（MCCs） is a general nanofabrication approach toward 2D patterned nanostructures with high controllability and reproducibility. Recently, nanosphere lithography at the gas-liquid interface, which employs MCCs floating at the solution surface as templates, has been demonstrated to be a facile, inexpensive, efficient, and versatile method for the controllable fabrication of self-standing, large-area, 2D ordered porous membranes with tunable structural parameters. This account summarizes our recent efforts devoted to the fabrication and applications of a variety of inorganic 2D ordered porous membranes including nanonets, nanobowl arrays and nanonet-nanobowl composite arrays by NSL at the gas-liquid interface via controlled chemical deposition. First, free-standing, hexagonally ordered Ag2 S nanonets were prepared through interfacial deposition induced by gas diffusion; moreover, a variety of 2D ordered gold nanoarrays with unusual patterns were produced by using nanonet bilayers as unique deposition masks. Second, free-standing, honeycomb-patterned nanobowl arrays of Ag and Ca CO3 were fabricated through gas diffusion-induced deposition whereas large-area Zn S nanobowl arrays with high regularity were produced through direct solution deposition. The potential applications of the obtained Ag and Zn S nanobowl arrays as plasmonic crystal-based and photonic crystal-based sensors were demonstrated, respectively. Third, unique Ag2S-Ag heterostructured nanobowl arrays were fabricated by two-step NSL at the g