中文摘要：

金属镁拥有较负的标准电极电位（-2.37 V（相对于标准氢电极））、较大的理论比容量（2.2 A·h·g^（-1））和较小的相对密度（1.74 g/cm^3）,是一种极具应用前景的海水激活电池阳极材料。概述近几年国内外镁阳极在不同类型海水激活电池中的应用,针对放电过程中金属镁存在的腐蚀产物剥落困难、析氢副反应严重和金属颗粒脱落等问题,探讨合金化、热处理和塑性变形等改性措施对镁阳极电化学性能的影响,为高性能镁阳极材料的制备提供理论依据,同时指出未来镁阳极材料的研究方向。

英文摘要：

Because of the negative standard potential （？2.37 V（vs SHE））, high theoretical capacity （2.2 A？h/g） and low relative density （1.74 g/cm3）, magnesium is regarded as a promising anode material used in seawater activated battery. The application of magnesium anodes in different types of seawater activated batteriesand several modification approaches, e.g., alloying, heat treatment and plastic deformation,were analyzed based on the issues of magnesium anodes,such as hard self-peeling of discharge products, severe side hydrogen evolution reaction and detachment of metallic particles during the discharge process.The theoretical guidance for preparing the magnesium anodes with good discharge performancewas providedand the corresponding research area in the futurewas pointed out.